Examples of sub groups:
i. (ℤ, +) is a subgroup of ℚ , + and ℚ , + is a subgroup of ℝ , + .
ii. The set ℚ+ under multiplication is a subgroup of ℝ+ under the algebraic operation multiplication.
iii. The 𝑛𝑡h root of unity in ℂ𝑛 form a subgroup 𝑈𝑛 of the group ℂ∗ of non-zero complex numbers under the algebraic operation multiplication.
Theorem :
A non-empty subset 𝐻 of a group 𝐺 is a subgroup of 𝐺 if and only if for any pair
of 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝐻 , 𝑎𝑏−1 ∈ 𝐻 ; 𝑎 ≠ 𝑏 ≠ 𝑒
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